Burkitt lymphoma is a rare form of cancer that affects mostly young children in Central Africa but the disease has also been reported in other areas. The shape of Africa appears to be associated with infection by Epstein-Barr virus, although the pathogenetic mechanism is uncertain.
Burkitt lymphoma results from chromosome translocations involving the Myc gene. A chromosome is a translocation chromosome is broken, which allows it to associate with other parts of chromosomes. The classic lymophoma Burkitt chromosomal translocation involving chromosome 8, the site of the Myc gene. This changes the structure of the expression of Myc, thereby disrupting its usual function in controlling cell growth and proliferation.
We’re still not sure what causes a chromosomal translocation. However, research in model organisms such as mice is to lead us towards a better understanding of how the transfer took place and, hopefully, how this process contributes to Burkitt’s lymphoma and other cancers such as leukemia
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